HMS Havock |
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Builders: | Yarrow & Company, London |
| Operators: | Royal Navy |
| Preceded by: | Daring class destroyer |
| Succeeded by: | Ferret-class destroyer |
| Cost: | 66,948 pounds for 2 ships |
| Built: | 1893 |
| In commission: | 1893–1912 |
| Planned: | 2 |
| Completed: | 2 |
| Retired: | 2 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Torpedo Boat Destroyer |
| Displacement: | Light 240 long tons (244 t) Full Load 275 long tons (279 t) |
| Length: | 185 feet overall, 180 ft between perpendiculars |
| Beam: | 18.5 ft |
| Depth: | 11 ft |
| Installed power: | about 3,700 hp |
| Speed: | 26.78 knots (49.60 km/h; 30.82 mph) |
| Range: | 3,000 nmi (5,600 km) |
| Complement: | 46 |
| Armament: | • 1 × 12-pounder gun • 3 (later 2) × torpedo tubes (1 bow, 2 beam) |
The Havock class was a class of torpedo boat destroyer (TBD) of the British Royal Navy. The two ships, HMS Havock and HMS Hornet, built in London in 1893 by Yarrow & Company, were the first TBDs to be completed for the Royal Navy, although the equivalent pair from J.I. Thornycroft, HMS Daring and HMS Decoy, were ordered five days earlier.
The invention of the self-propelled torpedo by Robert Whitehead and Austrian Navy Captain Giovanni Luppis in 1866, combined with the introduction of small fast torpedo boats (invented by John Ericsson in the late 19th century) posed a threat to battleships: large numbers of torpedo boats could overwhelm a battleship's defences and sink it, or distract the battleship and make it vulnerable to opposing capital ships. Torpedo boats proved devastatingly effective in the Chilean Civil War of 1891.
The defence against torpedo boats was clear: small warships accompanying the fleet that could screen and protect it from attack by torpedo boats. Several European navies developed vessels variously known as torpedo boat "catchers", "hunters" and "destroyers", while the Royal Navy itself operated torpedo gunboats. However, the early designs lacked the range and speed to keep up with the fleet they were supposed to protect. In 1892, the Third Sea Lord, Rear Admiral Jackie Fisher ordered the development of a new type of ships equipped with the then novel water-tube boilers and quick-firing small calibre guns.
Six ships to the specifications circulated by the Admiralty were ordered initially, comprising three different designs each produced by a different shipbuilder:
These boats all featured a turtleback (i.e. rounded) forecastle that was characteristic of early British TBDs. All six of them were removed from service and disposed of by the end of 1912.
Havock was launched first, on 12 August 1893. Her sea trials on 28 October 1893 were successful, her top speed indicating that she was capable of keeping up with battleships. However, her bow torpedo tube proved to be useless as the ship would usually outrun her own torpedo. It also tended to cause the bows to dig into the sea, resulting in a very wet turtleback. As such it (and later, the turtleback) was absent in later destroyers.
Havock and Hornet did not survive to see World War I, being broken up in 1912 and 1909 respectively.
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